El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms.

Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras

13 50 N, 88 55 W

Central America and the Caribbean

total: 21,040 sq km
land: 20,720 sq km
water: 320 sq km

slightly smaller than Massachusetts

total: 545 km
border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km

307 km

territorial sea: 200 nm

tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands

mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m

hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land

arable land: 31.37%
permanent crops: 11.88%
other: 56.75% (2005)

450 sq km (2003)

known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes

deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea

6,822,378 (July 2006 est.)

0-14 years: 36.3% (male 1,265,080/female 1,212,216)
15-64 years: 58.5% (male 1,900,372/female 2,092,251)
65 years and over: 5.2% (male 156,292/female 196,167) (2006 est.)

total: 21.8 years
male: 20.7 years
female: 22.9 years (2006 est.)

1.72% (2006 est.)

26.61 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

5.78 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

-3.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

total: 24.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

total population: 71.49 years
male: 67.88 years
female: 75.28 years (2006 est.)

3.12 children born/woman (2006 est.)

0.7% (2003 est.)

29,000 (2003 est.)

2,200 (2003 est.)

noun: Salvadoran(s)
adjective: Salvadoran

mestizo 90%, white 9%, Amerindian 1%

Roman Catholic 83%, other 17%
note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador

Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)

definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 80.2%
male: 82.8%
female: 77.7% (2003 est.)

conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador
conventional short form: El Salvador
local long form: Republica de El Salvador
local short form: El Salvador

republic

San Salvador

14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, San Vicente, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Usulutan

15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Independence Day, 15 September (1821)

23 December 1983

based on civil and Roman law with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court

18 years of age; universal

chief of state: President Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 21 March 2004 (next to be held March 2009)
election results: Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez elected president; percent of vote - Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (ARENA) 57.7%, Schafik HANDAL (FMLN) 35.6%, Hector SILVA (CDU-PDC) 3.9%, other 2.8%

unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 12 March 2006 (next to be held in March 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ARENA 34, FMLN 32, PCN 10, PDC 6, CD 2

Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly)

Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER, secretary general]; Democratic Convergence or CD (formerly United Democratic Center or CDU) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ, coordinator general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez]; Popular Social Christian Party or PPSC [Rene AGUILUZ]; Revolutionary Democratic Front or FDR [Julio Cesar HERNANDEZ Carcamo, coordinator general]

labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI

BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

chief of mission: Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez
chancery: 2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 265-9671
FAX: [1] (202) 234-3834
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Dallas, Elizabeth (New Jersey), Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, New York (2), Nogales (Arizona), Santa Ana (California), San Francisco, Washington, DC
consulate(s): Boston

chief of mission: Ambassador H. Douglas BARCLAY
embassy: Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador
mailing address: Unit 3116, APO AA 34023
telephone: [503] 2278-4444
FAX: [503] 2278-5522

three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band

The smallest country in Central America, El Salvador has the third largest economy, but growth has been minimal in recent years. Hoping to stimulate the sluggish economy, the government is striving to open new export markets, encourage foreign investment, and modernize the tax and healthcare systems. Implementation in 2006 of the Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement, which El Salvador was the first to ratify, is viewed as a key policy to help achieve these objectives. The trade deficit has been offset by annual remittances from Salvadorans living abroad - 16.6% of GDP in 2005 - and external aid. With the adoption of the US dollar as its currency in 2001, El Salvador has lost control over monetary policy and must concentrate on maintaining a disciplined fiscal policy.

$34.15 billion (2005 est.)

$16.52 billion (2005 est.)

2.9% (2005 est.)

$5,100 (2005 est.)

agriculture: 11.5%
industry: 23.6%
services: 64.9% (2005 est.)

2.81 million (2005 est.)

agriculture: 17.1%
industry: 17.1%
services: 65.8% (2003 est.)

6.5% official rate; but the economy has much underemployment (2005 est.)

34.6% (2004 est.)

lowest 10%: 1.4%
highest 10%: 39.3% (2001)

52.5 (2001)

4.3% (2005 est.)

15.8% of GDP (2005 est.)

revenues: $2.26 billion
expenditures: $3.34 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.)

40.8% of GDP (2005 est.)

coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; beef, dairy products; shrimp

food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals

0.7% (2005 est.)

4.48 billion kWh (2005)

fossil fuel: 44%
hydro: 30.9%
nuclear: 0%
other: 25.1% (2001)

4.768 billion kWh (2005)

91 million kWh (2004)

473 million kWh (2004)

0 bbl/day (2003 est.)

33,863 bbl/day (2005 est.)

NA bbl/day

NA bbl/day

0 cu m (2003 est.)

0 cu m (2003 est.)

-$858 million (2005 est.)

$3.586 billion (2005 est.)

offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity

US 65.6%, Guatemala 11.8%, Honduras 6.3% (2004)

$6.678 billion (2005 est.)

raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity

US 46.3%, Guatemala 8.1%, Mexico 6% (2004)

$2.003 billion (2005 est.)

$8.273 billion (30 June 2005 est.)

$125 million of which, $53 million from US (2003)

US dollar (USD)

USD

the US dollar became El Salvador's currency in 2001

calendar year

887,800 (2004)

1,832,600 (2004)

general assessment: NA
domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system
international: country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System

AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998)

2.75 million (1997)

5 (1997)

600,000 (1990)

.sv

4,404 (2005)

4 (2000)

587,500 (2005)

76 (2005)

total: 4
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2005)

total: 72
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 56 (2005)

1 (2005)

total: 283 km
narrow gauge: 283 km 0.914-m gauge
note: length of operational route reduced from 562 km to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintenance (2004)

total: 10,029 km
paved: 1,986 km
unpaved: 8,043 km (1999)

Rio Lempa partially navigable (2004)

Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco

Army, Navy (FNES), Air Force (FAS)

18 years of age for compulsory military service, with 12-month service obligation; 16 years of age for volunteers (2002)

males age 18-49: 1,391,278
females age 18-49: 1,542,323 (2005 est.)

males age 18-49: 960,315
females age 18-49: 1,310,466 (2005 est.)

males age 18-49: 70,286
females age 18-49: 69,526 (2005 est.)

$161.7 million (2005 est.)

1% (2005 est.)

in 1992, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, but despite Organization of American States (OAS) intervention and a further ICJ ruling in 2003, full demarcation of the border remains stalled; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca advocating Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not identified in the ICJ decision, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca

transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise