Settled as early as 1000 B.C., Samoa was "discovered" by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year.

Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and New Zealand

14 20 S, 170 00 W

Oceania

total: 199 sq km
land: 199 sq km
water: 0 sq km
note: includes Rose Island and Swains Island

slightly larger than Washington, DC

0 km

116 km

territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation

five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Lata Mountain 964 m

pumice, pumicite

arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 15%
other: 75% (2005)

NA

typhoons common from December to March

limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines

Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean

57,794 (July 2006 est.)

0-14 years: 34.7% (male 10,388/female 9,654)
15-64 years: 62.4% (male 18,698/female 17,350)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 633/female 1,071) (2006 est.)

total: 23.2 years
male: 22.9 years
female: 23.4 years (2006 est.)

-0.19% (2006 est.)

22.46 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

3.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

-21.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female
total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

total: 9.07 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.66 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

total population: 76.05 years
male: 72.48 years
female: 79.82 years (2006 est.)

3.16 children born/woman (2006 est.)

NA

NA

NA

noun: American Samoan(s) (US nationals)
adjective: American Samoan

native Pacific islander 92.9%, Asian 2.9%, white 1.2%, mixed 2.8%, other 0.2% (2000 census)

Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30%

Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2%
note: most people are bilingual (2000 census)

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 98%
female: 97% (1980 est.)

conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa
conventional short form: American Samoa
abbreviation: AS

unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior

NA

Pago Pago

none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western

none (territory of the US)

Flag Day, 17 April (1900)

ratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967

NA

18 years of age; universal

chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001)
head of government: Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 7 April 2003)
cabinet: Cabinet made up of 12 department directors
elections: under the US Consitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as American Samoa, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 2 and 16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008)
election results: Togiola TULAFONO elected governor; percent of vote - Togiola TULAFONO 55.7%, Afoa Moega LUTU 44.3%

bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); Senate - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 18
note: American Samoa elects one nonvoting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate

High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)

Democratic Party [Oreta M. TOGAFAU]; Republican Party [Tautai A. F. FAALEVAO]

NA

Interpol (subbureau), IOC, SPC, UPU

none (territory of the US)

none (territory of the US)

blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club

American Samoa has a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US with which American Samoa conducts most of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism is a promising developing sector.

$500 million (2000 est.)

NA

NA%

$8,000 (2000 est.)

agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%

14,000 (1996)

agriculture: 34%
industry: 33%
services: 33% (1990)

6% (2000)

NA%

lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%

NA%

revenues: $121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants)
expenditures: $127 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (FY96/97)

bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock

tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts

NA%

130 million kWh (2003)

fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)

120.9 million kWh (2003)

0 kWh (2003)

0 kWh (2003)

0 bbl/day (2003)

4,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)

NA bbl/day

NA bbl/day

0 cu m (2003 est.)

0 cu m (2003 est.)

$10 million (2004 est.)

canned tuna 93% (2004 est.)

Samoa 39.8%, Australia 19.9%, Japan 15.1%, NZ 10.5% (2004)

$105 million (2004 est.)

materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6% (2004 est.)

Japan 31.4%, NZ 27.9%, Germany 17.1%, Australia 8.9% (2004)

$NA

important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994

US dollar (USD)

USD

the US dollar is used

1 October - 30 September

15,000 (2001)

2,377 (1999)

general assessment: NA
domestic: good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station
international: country code - 1-684; satellite earth station - 1 (Intelsat-Pacific Ocean)

AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2006)

57,000 (1997)

1 (Low Power TV); note - one cable TV station (2006)

14,000 (1997)

.as

1,430 (2005)

1 (2000)

NA

3 (2005)

total: 2
over 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2005)

total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2005)

total: 185 km (2004)

Pago Pago

defense is the responsibility of the US

none